The 2023 Annual 'Top Ten Scientific Advances in China' has been released. AI large models bring new breakthroughs for accurate weather forecasting, revealing mechanisms of how dark matter in the human genome drives aging, discovering the existence of a 'tangible' biological clock in the brain and its rhythmic regulation mechanisms, analyzing the salt-alkali tolerance mechanisms of crops and their applications, achieving precise manipulation of DNA from single base pairs to ultra-large segments using new methods, revealing new mechanisms of DNA replication initiation in human cells, discovering the narrow jet of the brightest gamma-ray burst in history and its trillion-electron-volt photon emissions, and developing bosonic error correction to extend qubit lifespans, as well as revealing light-sensing regulation mechanisms for glucose metabolism.